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Ruaha Hornbill: The Endemic Treasure of Tanzania Birding Paradise

Ruaha National Park is renowned as a birdwatcher’s paradise, boasting over 570 bird species. This diversity is attributed to the park’s rich variety of vegetation, landscapes, and abundant water sources.
Among the remarkable bird species found in Ruaha are black eagles, ostriches, ashy starlings, black-masked lovebirds, yellow-collared lovebirds, and the park’s endemic gem—the Ruaha hornbill.

The Ruaha hornbill, also known as the Tanzania red-billed hornbill, is a bird species unique to central Tanzania, particularly in and around Ruaha National Park. This species was first discovered in 1997 by Robert Glen and Sue Stolberger during their fieldwork in the area.

The Ruaha hornbill is medium-sized, with an average length of 42–50 cm. Its most notable features include:

• its dimorphism, which makes it possible to differentiate between males and females. Male Ruaha hornbills have a red beak with a prominent casque (a bony ridge) on the upper bill, giving them a more robust appearance. In contrast, females have a smaller casque and a dark, black-tipped beak.
• Light grey to white feathers cover the face, chest, and underparts, while the back and wings are darker grey to black, adorned with white spots.
• The tail is long and dark, with white tips on the outer feathers.
• The eyes are encircled by dark black bare skin with a yellow iris, adding to their expressive appearance.

The Ruaha hornbill is relatively common within Ruaha National Park and its surrounding areas, thriving in the park’s diverse habitats, including:

• Woodlands: particularly miombo and acacia woodlands, which provide nesting and feeding grounds.
• Riverine Areas: along the Great Ruaha River, where they forage for insects, fruits, and small reptiles.

These hornbills are often seen in pairs or small family groups, and their loud, resonant calls make them easy to locate. While they are not as abundant as other bird species in Ruaha, their endemic status makes them a prized sighting for birdwatchers exploring the park.

Birding in Ruaha is an all-year-round activity, with bird migrations peaking from September to late May, offering excellent opportunities for enthusiasts to spot a wide range of species, including the iconic Ruaha hornbill.

Do you have clients eager to witness the stunning birdlife of Ruaha up close?
Start planning their safari now and immerse them in the melodies of over 570 bird species. Secure their trip today and let them uncover why Ruaha is a true haven for birdwatchers!